Mechanism of Skin Permeation

The skin itself has two main layers, the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin, covers the dermis and is the active part of the skin, holding the hair muscles, blood supply, sebaceous glands, and nerve receptors. Th…

Types of Semi Solid Dosage Form

1. Ointments: Ointments are semisolid preparations meant for external application to the skin or mucous membrane. They usually contain a medicament or medicaments dissolved, suspended, or emulsified in the base.  2. Creams: C…

Ideal Properties of Semi-Solid Dosage Forms

Definition: Semi-solid dosage forms are dermatological preparations intended to be applied externally on the skin to produce local or systemic effects e.g. ointments, creams, gels, and pastes. They contain one or more active ing…

Evaluation Tests For Suppositories

1. Test of Appearance  All the suppositories should be uniform in size and shape. They should have an elegant appearance. Individual suppositories should be examined for cracks and pits due to entrapment of air in the molten …

Preparation of Suppositories

Suppositories can be prepared by one of three methods: 1. Hand Rolling  • It is the simplest and oldest method of suppository preparation and may be used when only a few suppositories are to be prepared in a cocoa butter base…

Water Soluble or Water Miscible Base for suppositories

(i) Glycero Gelatin  It is a mixture of glycerin and water which is made into a stiff jelly by the addition of gelatin. The proportion of gelatin can be varied according to the intended use of the preparation.  Gelato-glyceri…

Fatty Bases for Suppositories

They are designed to melt at body temperature.  1. Theobroma Oil (Cocoa butter)  It is a mixture of glyceryl esters of different unsaturated fatty acids.  Cocoa Butter is a triglyceride, yellowish-white, solid, brittle fat,…

What are the ideal properties of a suppository base?

1. It should melt at body temperature or dissolve in body fluids.  2. It should be good in appearance. 3. It should be non-toxic and non-irritant.  4. It should be compatible with any medicament. 5. Suppositories should r…

Types of Suppositories

Suppositories are solid dosage forms of medicament made for insertion into the body cavities. They may be Conical or ovoid medicated solids intended for insertion into several body cavities other than the mouth are known as Suppo…

Packaging of Suspensions

Pharmaceutical suspensions for oral use are generally packed in wide-mouth containers having adequate space above the liquid to ensure proper mixing.  Parenteral suspensions are packed in either glass ampoules or vials.   Ide…

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